Exploring the Cosmos - Particles, Forces & the Big Bang

1. What is the observable universe?

The portion of the universe that our eyes can see.

All parts of the universe that are not obscured by celestial objects.

The portion of the universe from which light had enough time to travel to us.

Part of the universe that the most powerful telescopes can resolve.

2. One of Keplerâ€™s laws states that

Planets can not be more massive than the star around which they orbit.

A planet orbits the sun with constant angular velocity.

Rhere is no special centre around which the universe rotates.

Planetary orbits are elliptical.

3. The apparent brightness of stars changes with their distance (r) away from us as

1/sqrt(r)

1/r

1/r^2

4. Edwin Hubble observed that galaxies seem to be moving away from us in all directions. This means:

The universe is expanding, but it has no centre.

We are close to the centre of the expanding universe.

The measurements are not accurate enough to pinpoint the centre of expansion.

We are at the centre of the expanding universe.

5. Who of the following believed that the Sun and all of the planets orbit around the Earth?

Galileo

Ptolemy

Tycho Brahe

Copernicus

6. A closed universe

has negative curvature, like a saddle.

will expand forever.

is flat, like a plane.

has positive curvature, like a sphere.

7. The sky is dark at night because

our eyes are not sensitive enough.

some stars are so far away that their light has not yet reached us.

the universe is only sparsely populated with stars.

there is dark matter in between the stars.

8. What is the observable universe?

All parts of the universe that are not obscured by celestial objects.

Part of the universe that the most powerful telescopes can resolve.

The portion of the universe that our eyes can see.

The portion of the universe from which light had enough time to travel to us.

9. Keplerâ€™s laws show that

planetary orbits are elliptical.

a planet orbits the sun with constant angular velocity.

there is no special centre around which the universe rotates.

planets can not be more massive than the star around which they orbit.

10. The red shift of light from very distant galaxies shows they are

accelerating away from us.

very far away.

moving toward us.

formed a long time ago compared to nearby galaxies.

11. Edwin Hubble observed that galaxies seem to be moving away from us in all directions. This means:

we are close to the centre of the expanding universe.

we are at the centre of the expanding universe.

the measurements are not accurate enough to pinpoint the centre of expansion.

the universe is expanding, but it has no centre.

12. The assumption of universality states that

the universe looks the same in all locations.

the physics of the universe is the same everywhere and at all times.

the universe looks the same in all directions.

the university looks the same at all epochs.

13. What was the famous and remarkable achievement of Eratosthenes in 240 BC?

He measured the size of the Earth to within a few percent.

He realised that the Earthâ€™s axis tilts, causing the seasons.

He realised that the Earth goes around the Sun.

He measured the distance from the Earth to the Sun to within a few percent.

14. The size of the observable universe is

not known.

13.7 billion light years.

infinite.

93 billion light years.

15. The cosmological principle states that

if viewed on sufficiently large scales, the properties of the Universe are the same for all observers.

time is relative to the observerâ€™s frame of reference.

the universe is expanding.

planets move in elliptical orbits.

16. The sky is dark at night because

far away stars don't emit light in the visible spectrum.

the universe is expanding.

the light from very distant stars has not had time to reach us.

dust obscures the light from far away stars.

17. Light from distant stars is shifted to the red end of the spectrum becauseâ€¦

the galaxy is rotating.

it must pass through intervening dust clouds.

these stars are very old.

the stars are moving away from us.

18. The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is

light emitted from the surface of last scattering.

light emitted from binary pulsars.

radio interference caused by roosting pigeons.

caused by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere.

19. Eudoxus created a system of 27 concentric spheres to carry heavenly bodies in order to explain

the tides.

the phases of the moon.

retrograde motion.

the lack of annual parallax in the celestial sphere.

20. Aristotle believed that

the stars are Suns just like our own.

Jupiter has moons.

the Earth is at the centre of the solar system.

the Sun is at the centre of the solar system.

21. Newton's Theory of Gravity explains

the motion of Cepheid variable stars.

the force of magnetism.

Keplerâ€™s Laws.

sun-spots.

22. Which of the following statements regarding the Grand Unified Theory is correct?

The GUT is a theory that unifies 3 out of the 4 forces of nature.

The GUT is a theory of everything.

The GUT can tell us what happened at the moment of birth of the universe.

The GUT is a theory that shows physical laws are obeyed everywhere in the universe.

23. Which of the following statements is true?

Photons can only be created by annihilating electrons with positrons.

Photons and electrons exert an attractive force

Photons mediate the electromagnetic force.

Photons are Fermions.

24. During the electroweak era, there were

gravitons, electrons and nuclei.

photons, quarks and protons.

bosons, atoms and anti atoms.

positrons, neutrinos and leptons

25. "Cosmic inflation" refers to

the very early universe undergoing a sudden and massive expansion.

the increase of the wavelength of light as we look deeper into space.

the fact that the expansion of the universe seems to be accelerating.

the increase in temperature as we approach, backward in time, the Big Bang.

26. The electron is an example of a

lepton.

boson.

gluon.

quark.

27. Which force is the weakest in nuclei?

Gravity.

The strong force.

Electromagnetism.

The weak nuclear force.

28. What binds protons and neutrons into nuclei?

The strong force.

Surface tension.

The weak nuclear force.

Gravity.

29. Which of the following eras came earliest in the history of the universe?

The era of galaxies.

The electroweak era.

The era of nucleosynthesis.

The era of atoms.

30. Which of the following observations is evidence of the presence of dark matter?

Some stars appear to be moving towards us.

Galaxies are spinning faster than expected.

Distant supernovae appear dimmer.

Distant galaxies are moving faster away from us.

31. Which of the following statements is false?

The antiparticle of a gluon is a gluon.

The antiparticle of a photon is a phonon.

The mass of a particle is exactly the same as that of its antiparticle.

The antiparticle of an electron is a positron.

32. The gravitational lensing effect is

the bending of light rays by a massive object.

large telescopic lenses being formed using gravity.

why objects behind a strong gravitational field appear closer.

lenses formed when a thin layer of fluid over an aperture sinks under its own weight.

33. Which of the following correctly ranks the forces in ascending order of relative strength?

Weak, strong, gravity.

Electromagnetism, weak, strong.

Weak, strong, electromagnetism.

Gravity, weak, electromagnetism.

34. The electron is an example of a

gluon.

lepton.

boson.

quark.

35. When was the microwave background radiation created?

The era of Nucleosynthesis

The era of atoms.

The Grand Unified Theory era.

The era of nuclei.

36. Today we know that the Milky Way has two disk components. Which of the following statements is correct?

The stars of the thin disk have a stronger oscillatory motion than stars in the thick disc.

The stars in the thick disc have an iron to oxygen ratio that suggests they were formed later than the thin disk.

The stars in the thin disc have an iron to oxygen ratio that suggests they were formed later than the thick disk.

The stars of the two disc components move in opposite direction around the galactic centre.

37. An S0 galaxy can evolve into which of the following galaxy types?

SBb

Galaxies cannot evolve from one type into another.

38. Which part of our galaxy features strong star formation?

Halo

Central bulge

Globular clusters

Spiral arms

39. Which of the following statements is not correct?

The central bulge is thicker than the galactic disk.

Our Galaxy has two disks.

Open clusters are mainly found in the disk.

The halo components move in nearly circular orbit around the centre of the galaxy.

40. Which of the following characteristics is true for elliptical Galaxies?

Lots of interstellar medium is present in elliptical galaxies.

In elliptical galaxies there is very little active star formation.

Elliptical galaxies often rotate fast.

Elliptical galaxies mainly feature Population I stars.

41. Which of the following galaxy types belongs to the barred spiral galaxies?

SBa

42. Your mass mainly arises from the interactions of

electromagnetism.

gravity.

the Higgs boson.

the strong force.

43. Einsteinâ€™s Theory of General Relativity is a

a description of photon interactions.

the origin of the Cosmic Microwave Background.

theory of gravity.

the quantum theory of space-time.

44. A unified theory of physics at the Planck scale is known as

a Theory of Everything.

Quintessence.

a Grand Unified Theory.

an Ultimate Theory.

45. The Cosmic Microwave Background is due to

the scattering of Cosmic Rays.

electrons emitted from the Surface of Last Scattering.

photons emitted from the Surface of Last Scattering.

photons emitted by Dark Matter.

46. The energy density of the universe is dominated by

the Higgs Boson.

Dark Matter.

Dark Energy.

atoms.

47. Which of the following is NOT evidence for Dark Matter?

The Lyman-alpha forest.

The baryon asymmetry of the universe.

Large Scale Structure Formation.

The Cosmic Microwave Background.

48. The Heat Death of the universe would be caused by

Dark Matter.

a metastable vacuum.

gravitational waves.

increasing entropy.

49. In the future the universe will

continue to expand but at an ever decreasing rate.

continue to expand at an ever increasing rate.

collapse to a Big Crunch.

evolve in a way that is impossible to predict without understanding Dark Energy.

50. CP Violation is the term used to describe

the lack of magnetic monopoles in the universe.

an asymmetry between the laws of physics for matter and anti-matter.

the decay of a Dark Matter particle.

the irregularities in the Cosmic Microwave Background.

51. The spatial geometry of a universe with critical density (Ω=1) is

curled up like a ball.

cylindrical.

shaped like a saddle.

flat.

52. Which of the following observations is evidence of the presence of dark matter?

Distant supernovae appear dimmer.

Galaxies are spinning faster than expected.

Some stars appear to be moving towards us.

Distant galaxies are moving faster away from us.

53. The red shift of light from very distant galaxies shows they are

formed a long time ago compared to nearby galaxies.

accelerating away from us.

moving toward us.

very far away.

54. The flatness problem is concerned with the following question:

Why is there a microwave background?

Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe?

Why is the universe expanding?

Why is the density of the universe as close to the critical density as it is?

55. "Inflation" in cosmology refers to

the process by which matter clusters gravitationally to form galaxies.

the expansion of the Universe that began with the Big Bang and continues today.

the unending expansion of an open universe.

an era in the early Universe when the whole Universe suddenly expanded extremely rapidly.

56. The currently most viable dark matter candidate is

neutrinos

Interstellar dust

weakly interacting massive particles

Brown dwarf stars

57. Dark matter (excluding dark energy) is close to what percent of the total mass of the universe?

75%

100%

20%

58. "The Big Freeze" is

the cold of space in the interstellar void.

what happens to a low mass star at the end of its life.

the Big Bang happening in reverse.

the ultimate fate of a universe that expands forever.

59. "Cosmic inflation" refers to

the fact that the expansion of the universe seems to be accelerating.

the very early universe undergoing a sudden and massive expansion.

the increase in temperature as we approach, backward in time, the Big Bang.

the increase of the wavelength of light as we look deeper into space.

60. The "smoothness problem" refers to the fact that

galaxies are moving away from us in all directions.

the geometry of the universe is very close to being flat.

the rotation curves for spiral galaxies have a smooth tail far beyond the edge of the luminous region.

overall variation of the microwave background radiation is very small.

61. The flatness problem is concerned with the following question:

Why is the universe expanding?

Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe?

Why is the density of the universe as close to the critical density as it is?

Why is there a microwave background?

62. Large-scale structure is

the main piece of evidence that the universe is close to critical density.

the structure of the galactic halo.

spectral lines seen in the light from galaxies in the Local Group.

the clumping of galaxies into sheets spanning hundreds of millions of light-years.

63. The Observable Universe refers to the portion of the Universe

that is made up of ordinary matter.

able to be resolved by the most powerful telescope.

from which light has had time to reach the Earth.

visible to an observer on the surface of the Earth.

64. The 'structure problem' is best described as

the lack of variation in the cosmic microwave background

the fact that matter is clumped into galaxies

the fact that the universe is surprisingly close to critical density

the fact that the universe is expanding at the same rate in all directions

65. Olberâ€™s paradox involves which of the following observations?

The sky is dark at night.

Matter clumps into galaxies and large scale structures.

Some of the planets display retrograde motion.

The rotation curves of galaxies become ï¬‚at at large distances.

66. Hubbleâ€™s Law tells us that

entropy is always increasing.

the planets move in elliptical orbits.

nothing can travel faster than light.

the universe is expanding.

67. Inside the proton are

electrons held together by photons.

quarks held together by gluons.

quarks held together by photons.

electrons held together by gluons.

68. The mediating particles of the weak interaction include

the Z boson.

the Y boson.

the neutrino.

the graviton.

69. In 2012 the Large Hadron Collider discovered

Gravitational Waves.

supersymmetry.

the top quark.

the Higgs boson.

70. A WIMP is a

Weakly Interacting Mono-Pole.

Weakly Interacting Majorana Particle.

Weakly Interacting Massless Particle.

Weakly Interacting Massive Particle.

71. The Bullet Cluster provides evidence for which phenomenon?

Massive neutrinos.

Dark Energy.

Hubbleâ€™s Law.

Dark Matter.

72. The Heat Death of the Universe would be a consequence of

the Sachs-Wolfe eï¬€ect.

quintessence.

quantum tunnelling.

the second law of thermodynamics.

73. The Universe appears to contain much more matter than antimatter. This observation is known as

the Horizon Problem.

the Flatness Problem.

the Baryon Asymmetry Problem.

the Exotic Relic Problem.

74. Which Greek Astronomer ï¬rst reasoned that the Earth is a sphere from seeing the Earthâ€™s shadow on the Moon at a lunar eclipse?

Aristotle.

Eudoxus.

Pythagoras.

Eratosthenes.

75. Which of the following is NOT evidence for the Big Bang?

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.

Hubble's Law.

Dark Matter.

The abundance of light elements in the universe.

76. The electron is a

force-mediating particle.

boson.

composite particle.

fermion.

77. What is Eratosthenes famous for?

He measured the circumference of the Earth.

His heliocentric model of the solar system.

His observatory.

The first scientific theory of the universe.

78. Which of the following is an assertion of Kepler's Laws?

The planets move in circles centred on the Sun.

The planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus.

The force of gravity keeps the planets in their orbits.

The universe is expanding.

79. Which of the following forces is NOT described by the Standard Model.

The weak nuclear force.

Electromagnetism.

The strong nuclear force.

Gravity.

80. Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for Dark Matter?

The Cosmic Microwave Background.

Gravitational Lensing.

Galactic Rotation Curves.

The Michelson-Morley Experiment.

81. Which of the following is its own antiparticle?

The electron.

The photon.

The proton.

The charm quark.

82. Which observation won Penzias and Wilson the Nobel Prize?

Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.

The first observation of Cepheid Variable Stars.

The expansion of the universe is accelerating.

The first observation of Gravitational Lensing.

83. How long ago did the Big Bang happen?

600 Billion years ago.

6000 years ago.

13.7 Billion years ago.

93 Billion years ago.

84. What is the Large Hadron Collider?

A space telescope.

A particle accelerator that collides electrons and positrons.

A particle accelerator that collides protons.

A system of colliding galaxies.

85. What is the fundamental particle that the LHC is hunting for?

The Z boson

The proton

The neutrino

The Higgs boson

86. If a source of waves starts moving towards you, how does the frequency of the waves measured in your frame of reference compare to what was observed when the source was not moving?

The frequency will decrease.

The frequency will increase.

The frequency will stay the same.

The frequency will become negative

87. Which of the following is not true of Tycho Brahe?

He observed a supernova in 1572 and concluded that the celestial sphere is not immutable.

He claimed that planets travel along elliptical paths.

He developed equipment for making the most precise astronomical observations of his time.

He did not believe in the Copernican system.

88. In the Standard Model of particle physics, which of the following is NOT its own antiparticle?

The gluon.

The neutron.

The photon.

The Z boson.

89. The cosmic microwave background was created when the universe was roughly how old?

3 minutes old.

13.7 billion years old.

10âˆ’10 seconds old.

300 000 years old.

90. Our present best understanding of gravitational lensing comes from which of the following?

Keplerâ€™s third law

Quantum Chromodynamics

Einsteinâ€™s theory of General Relativity

Newtonâ€™s Law of Gravity

91. In the scenario of inflation, the inhomogeneity in the distribution of galaxies is due to what?

Primordial nucleosynthesis.

Quantum fluctuations in the very early universe.

The cosmic microwave background.

Quark confinement.

92. Which one of the following particles interacts only weakly?

The neutrino.

The electron.

The up quark.

The gluon.

93. Which of the following is not one of Keplerâ€™s Laws?

The gravitational force between the sun and a planet is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The period of a planetâ€™s orbit squared equals the average radius of the orbit cubed.

The speed of a planet varies depending on where it is in its orbit, so that it sweeps out equal area in equal time.

The planets follow elliptical orbits.

94. According to our best current understanding, most of the matter-energy in the universe is in what form?

Dark matter

Dark energy

Stars

Interstellar dust

95. Which assumption leading to Olber's paradox is known to be incorrect?

The amount of light reaching us from a star decreases as the inverse square of the distance to the star.

The universe is eternal.

The universe is uniformly filled with stars.

The universe is infinite in size.

96. Hubbleâ€™s Law states that

the speed at which a galaxy recedes from us is inversely proportional to the distance from us.

the observable universe is finite in size.

nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.

the speed at which a galaxy recedes from us is proportional to the distance from us.

97. Which of the following is not true of the Copernican system?

The sun is at the centre of the universe.

Mercury and Venus orbit the sun, which in turn orbits the Earth.

Retrograde motion is explained by Earthâ€™s motion around the sun.

The distance between the sun and the Earth is small compared to the distance to the stars.

98. Which of the following is not true according to the theory of special relativity?

Objects are contracted in their direction of motion.

No signal can travel faster than the speed of light.

Moving clocks run faster than stationary clocks.

Motion with constant velocity is always relative.

99. A proton is comprised of

Two down quarks and an electron.

An electron, a muon, and a neutrino.

Two down quarks and an up quark.

Two up quarks and a down quark.

100. Which type of particle mediates the interaction that is responsible for holding quarks together in hadrons?

Photon

Neutrino

Graviton

Gluon

101. How old was the universe when primordial nucleosynthesis ended?

300 000 years

three minutes

10^-43 seconds

10^-10 seconds

102. Today the cosmic microwave background has a temperature of about

300 K

0.003 K

3 K

3000 K

103. Dark matter (excluding dark energy) is close to what percent of the total mass of the universe?

100 %

5 %

20 %

75 %

104. A possible scenario that can explain the smoothness and flatness problems in the universe is called

CP violation

special relativity

inflation

retrograde motion

105. The Large Hadron Collider has been constructed with the hope of discovering which particle?

photon

Higgs boson

Z boson

neutrino

106. An epicycle is:

An elliptical orbit

A circular orbit around the Earth, but with the Earth not exactly at the center

A smaller circular orbit around the path of a larger circular orbit

Any type of periodic orbit

107. Which of the following provides supporting evidence for the big bang theory?

The presence of a cosmic microwave background

All of the above

The observed abundance of elements in the universe

The red-shift of distant galaxies

108. Which of the following is NOT implied by Einstein's theory of relativity?

Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light

Moving objects are shortened in the direction of motion

Clocks moving relative to us run more slowly

Nothing can accelerate slower than some minimum acceleration

109. Neutrinos interact via

None of the above

The electromagnetic force

The weak nuclear force

The strong nuclear force

110. The currently most viable dark matter candidate is

Interstellar dust

Brown dwarf stars

weakly interacting massive particles

neutrinos

111. What idea was introduced to solve the flatness and smoothness problems in cosmology?

Inflation

Gravitational lensing

Relativity

The existence of antimatter

112.
Which combination of the following three statements is true if the universe is open?

I. Gravity is not strong enough to stop the expansion in a finite time.
II. The density of the universe is greater than the critical density.
III. The universe is infinite.

II & III

I & III

I & II

I, II, & III

113. Who among the following believed that the Earth and planets orbited the sun?

Tycho Brahe

Kepler

Ptolemy

Eudoxus

114. Most of the visible mass in the universe is believed to come fro

photons

gravity

quarks and gluons

the Higgs boson

115. In the Geocentric view of the Universe, what are the stars?

Perfect celestial objects.

Objects reflecting the light of the Sun.

Far away bright objects.

Symbols of the gods.

116. We now reject the Geocentric view of the Universe. What is the main objection?

It does not fit the observed data.

It cannot explain the Retrograde motion.

It does not provide any physical understanding.

The model is too contrived.

117. Keplerâ€™s laws state that the

speed of the planets changes over time.

planets rotate about their own axis of rotation.

planets follow circular orbits.

Sun is at the centre of the Universe.

118. The Observable Universe refers to the portion of the Universe

visible to an observer on the surface of the Earth.

from which light has had time to reach the Earth.

that is made up of ordinary matter.

able to be resolved by the most powerful telescope.

119. In a uniformly expanding Universe

objects at the edge of the Universe will, in fact, expand less.

the speed of travel of all the objects are uniform.

the further the object the faster they move away.

all the objects will move away from each other at uniform speed.

120. If the cosmological (density) parameter of the Universe is greater than 1, then we

live in a flat universe.

live in an open universe.

still donâ€™t know the shape because density and shape are independent parameters.

live in a closed universe.

121. The String Theory postulates that the Universe

is just one manifestation of many, like the notes on a vibrating string.

progresses from one event to the next as if moving along a stretched string.

started with the Big Bang.

is made up of lots of tiny strings.

122. In the Big Bang theory as we approach the beginning of time the temperature

becomes a meaningless concept.

decreases.

increases.

remains the same.

123. How can measurements of the rotation of galaxies detect the presence of dark matter?

As galaxies rotate, dark matter can periodically obscure parts of a galaxy.

The rate of rotation of a galaxy tells us what is its mass.

Dark matter does not move. So, it slows down the rotation of galaxies.

The presence of dark matter will distort the rotation path of a galaxy.

124. The smoothness problem in Big Bang cosmology refers to the problem of the

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation being not as smooth as expected.

geometry of the Universe being almost flat.

celestial bodies appearing to be less smooth as the theory predicts.

older parts of the Universe appearing to be smooth.

125. Hubble expansion refers to the discovery in the 1920s and 1930s by Edwin Hubble that

the speed at which galaxies are moving is a function of their distance from us.

far away galaxies are older.

the universe is expanding.

stars are moving away from us wherever he looked.

126. The age of the universe

is the same as that of the Sun.

can be estimated from the age of the Milky Way.

is unknown and unknowable.

can be determined from observation of the stars in the heavens.

127. The horizon of the observable universe refers to the

furthest part of the universe our telescope is able to resolve.

newest bits of the universe only just become possible to be observed.

edge of the universe which one can observe at any one time.

horizon of the sky.

128. Which of the following Galileo did not observe through his telescope?

Venus has phases.

The moon is not made of perfect celestial material.

Other planets can have moons.

Sun spots.

129. In Ptolemy's model of the universe, the stars

are features on the surface of a perfect sphere.

orbit around the sun.

are just like the sun.

have epicycles

130. Kepler's laws show that

the Earth is not the centre of the universe.

planetary orbits are elliptical.

planets are held by the gravitational force of the star around which they orbit.

forces acting on the planets must balance with the forces acting on the star.

131. The fundamental particles are

waves not particles.

fermions and bosons.

neutrinos and gluons.

quarks and electrons.

132. Which of the following is ranked in descending order of temperature?

Particle era, Era of atoms, Planck era.

Planck era, Era of atoms, Particle era.

Particle era, Planck era, Era of atoms.

Planck era, Particle era, Era of atoms.

133. Dark matter

is made up of black holes.

is dark and absorbs all light incident upon it.

can potentially be detected on earth.

can not be seen.

134. The "flatness problem" in cosmology refers to the fact that

because the universe is flat, we will never see parts of the universe.

if we squash the universe flat, it will be no denser than the density of paper.

the universe is very close to the critical density.

three space dimensions are "flattened" to two in the space-time diagram.

135. How old is the universe?

The universe is infinitely old.

50 billion years.

About 3 times older than our solar system.

The same age as our sun.

136. Which of the following observations is evidence of the presence of dark matter?

Distant galaxies are moving faster away from us.

Galaxies are spinning faster than expected.

Distant supernovae appear dimmer.

Some stars appear to be moving towards us.

137. Which of the following statements regarding the Grand Unified Theory is correct?

The GUT is a theory that shows physical laws are obeyed everywhere in the universe.

The GUT is a theory of everything.

The GUT can tell us what happened at the moment of birth of the universe.

The GUT is a theory that unifies 3 out of the 4 forces of nature.

138. The sky is dark at night because

some stars are so far away that their light has not yet reached us.

our eyes are not sensitive enough.

there is dark matter in between the stars.

the universe is only sparsely populated with stars.

139. What is the observable universe?

All parts of the universe that are not obscured by celestial objects.

The portion of the universe that our eyes can see.

The portion of the universe from which light had enough time to travel to us.

Part of the universe that the most powerful telescopes can resolve.

140. Ptolemy believed that

some of the planets orbit around the Sun.

all the stars were on a celestial sphere.

everything must move along one simple perfect circle.

the planets must follow circular orbits centred on the Earth.

141. Einstein's special theory of relativity states that:

the speed of light is constant.

all motion is relative to the centre of the universe.

nothing is relative.

everything is relative.

142. Which of the following statements is true?

Photons can only be created by annihilating electrons with positrons.

Photons and electrons exert an attractive force on each other.

Photons are Fermions.

Photons mediate the electromagnetic force.

143. Which of the following statement is false?

The antiparticle of a electron is a positron.

The antiparticle of a photon is a phonon.

The antiparticle of a gluon is a gluon.

The mass of a particle is exactly the same as that of its antiparticle.

144. Which of the following statement about supernovae is false?

They are a source of heavy elements.

Supernovae derive their energy from gravity.

They always appear to have the same brightness.

They are only visible for a few weeks.

Exploring the Cosmos - Particles, Forces & the Big Bang

1. What is the observable universe?

2. One of Keplerâ€™s laws states that

3. The apparent brightness of stars changes with their distance (r) away from us as

4. Edwin Hubble observed that galaxies seem to be moving away from us in all directions. This means:

5. Who of the following believed that the Sun and all of the planets orbit around the Earth?

6. A closed universe

7. The sky is dark at night because

8. What is the observable universe?

9. Keplerâ€™s laws show that

10. The red shift of light from very distant galaxies shows they are

11. Edwin Hubble observed that galaxies seem to be moving away from us in all directions. This means:

12. The assumption of universality states that

13. What was the famous and remarkable achievement of Eratosthenes in 240 BC?

14. The size of the observable universe is

15. The cosmological principle states that

16. The sky is dark at night because

17. Light from distant stars is shifted to the red end of the spectrum becauseâ€¦

18. The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is

19. Eudoxus created a system of 27 concentric spheres to carry heavenly bodies in order to explain

20. Aristotle believed that

21. Newton's Theory of Gravity explains

22. Which of the following statements regarding the Grand Unified Theory is correct?

23. Which of the following statements is true?

24. During the electroweak era, there were

25. "Cosmic inflation" refers to

26. The electron is an example of a

27. Which force is the weakest in nuclei?

28. What binds protons and neutrons into nuclei?

29. Which of the following eras came earliest in the history of the universe?

30. Which of the following observations is evidence of the presence of dark matter?

31. Which of the following statements is false?

32. The gravitational lensing effect is

33. Which of the following correctly ranks the forces in ascending order of relative strength?

34. The electron is an example of a

35. When was the microwave background radiation created?

36. Today we know that the Milky Way has two disk components. Which of the following statements is correct?

37. An S0 galaxy can evolve into which of the following galaxy types?

38. Which part of our galaxy features strong star formation?

39. Which of the following statements is not correct?

40. Which of the following characteristics is true for elliptical Galaxies?

41. Which of the following galaxy types belongs to the barred spiral galaxies?

42. Your mass mainly arises from the interactions of

43. Einsteinâ€™s Theory of General Relativity is a

44. A unified theory of physics at the Planck scale is known as

45. The Cosmic Microwave Background is due to

46. The energy density of the universe is dominated by

47. Which of the following is NOT evidence for Dark Matter?

48. The Heat Death of the universe would be caused by

49. In the future the universe will

50. CP Violation is the term used to describe

51. The spatial geometry of a universe with critical density (Ω=1) is

52. Which of the following observations is evidence of the presence of dark matter?

53. The red shift of light from very distant galaxies shows they are

54. The flatness problem is concerned with the following question:

55. "Inflation" in cosmology refers to

56. The currently most viable dark matter candidate is

57. Dark matter (excluding dark energy) is close to what percent of the total mass of the universe?

58. "The Big Freeze" is

59. "Cosmic inflation" refers to

60. The "smoothness problem" refers to the fact that

61. The flatness problem is concerned with the following question:

62. Large-scale structure is

63. The Observable Universe refers to the portion of the Universe

64. The 'structure problem' is best described as

65. Olberâ€™s paradox involves which of the following observations?

66. Hubbleâ€™s Law tells us that

67. Inside the proton are

68. The mediating particles of the weak interaction include

69. In 2012 the Large Hadron Collider discovered

70. A WIMP is a

71. The Bullet Cluster provides evidence for which phenomenon?

72. The Heat Death of the Universe would be a consequence of

73. The Universe appears to contain much more matter than antimatter. This observation is known as

74. Which Greek Astronomer ï¬rst reasoned that the Earth is a sphere from seeing the Earthâ€™s shadow on the Moon at a lunar eclipse?

75. Which of the following is NOT evidence for the Big Bang?

76. The electron is a

77. What is Eratosthenes famous for?

78. Which of the following is an assertion of Kepler's Laws?

79. Which of the following forces is NOT described by the Standard Model.

74. Which Greek Astronomer ï¬rst reasoned that the Earth is a sphere from seeing the Earthâ€™s shadow on the Moon at a lunar eclipse?

112.
Which combination of the following three statements is true if the universe is open?

I. Gravity is not strong enough to stop the expansion in a finite time.
II. The density of the universe is greater than the critical density.
III. The universe is infinite.