Exploring the Cosmos - Degree Exam 2010 - Mapping the Universe
1. A reflective diffraction grating is separating the light colours and creates a spectrum. What happens if the incoming light is changed from blue to red?
The outcoming light stays blue.
The angle between the diffraction orders becomes larger.
The red light is transmitted through the grating because only blue light is scattered.
Nothing. Diffraction is wavelength-independent.
2. Which statement is wrong?
Light has a constant speed in vacuum.
Light travels with different speeds depending on the material.
Light travels always with a constant speed.
The energy of photons is just dependent on the frequency.
3. Why are most of the modern telescopes for visible light reflecting telescopes?
Lenses cannot be used for visible light.
Mirrors are easier to make and to mount.
They have no aberration.
It is not possible to melt enough glass to fabricate a large lens.
4. Why are astronomers interested in different parts of the spectrum?
The results would otherwise interfere destructively.
Different parts of the spectrum contain different information.
At some locations at the sky certain detectors do not work.
The different colours are nice.
5. A Cassegrain telescope may have a focal length of 100 cm. The diameter of the mirror shall be 25 cm. The eyepiece used in this configuration has a focal length of 1 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm. What magnification is achieved?
A magnification of 100.
A magnification of 25.
It is not possible to calculate the magnification with these parameters.
A magnification of 50.
6. Why is the colour of the sun during sunset red?
The scattering of blue light is stronger than red light.
The sun changes its colour in 24 h from blue to red and back to blue.
The refraction of light is different. Blue light is more strongly refracted.
The diffraction of light is different. Blue light is more strongly diffracted.
7. What is true for an IR detector used in astronomy?
They are based on the photoelectric effect: light kicks out electrons from the material.
They are not used. The IR part of the spectrum does not contain any information.
Light is absorbed and the temperature increase is measured. Therefore, it is good to cool them.
The electrons in the detector need to get some additional energy to be used for detection. Thus, these detectors need to be heated.
8. What is the reason why X-ray telescopes are so much different from telescopes for the visible part of the spectrum?
It is too dangerous to observe X-rays from astronomical objects.
Materials used in these telescopes change the colour of the light. It is complicated to compensate this effect.
Materials are nearly transparent in the X-ray band. Standard optical configurations cannot be used.
It is hard to find materials that can be used under X-ray irradiation.
9. What can be observed with radio astronomy?
Wavelengths that are shorter than the visible light.
Radio broadcast of other civilizations in the universe.
The moon.
Wavelengths that are in the region of cm.
10. Gravitational wave astronomy is called a new window to the universe. Why?
Gravitational waves can be observed with a simple refractive telescope. Therefore, it would be easier to observe astronomical objects.
Gravitational waves will allow a very high resolution when combining a gravitational wave telescope with a CCD.
They need to be observed from space.
Gravitational waves have only a weak interaction with matter. They are carrying information from objects that cannot be observed by studying their emitted electromagnetic radiation.
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